20th+Century+Nationalism

Triggers for Change: Most Major Changes: Continuities: Coming of the Great War: MI: By 1914, diplomatic tensions between European powers had been mounting for nearly an entire generation.Colonization and arms races had lead to increasing ly hostile alliances. 3.I see/ It means: A large stewpot labeled Balkan Troubles, with the caption "The Boiling Point", about to boil over/ Balkan nationalism reached fever pitch, and can no longer be suppressed. The 5 men seated atop the stewpot's lid represent the nations involved in WWI, and how the balkan nationalism erupted, causing them all to become involved.Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.
 * Failure of European dominance, and a worldwide economic depression- The Two World Wars were largely European civil wars, which caused massive loss of demographic, economic, and political strength.It became impossible to cling to overseas empires, and anticolonial mechanisms were growing in strength.This loss of structure proved necessary to the advent of the Cold War, as a system which could be used to fill the void of the crumbling European power.
 * New technological innovation- New transportation and communication increased the ability to move goods, people and ideas.New technology came to define military life, and the destructive power of warfare grew in magnitude.From WWII Onwards, there was an increased ability of ethnic cleansing and genocide to cause millions of deaths.
 * Population Boom- New public health measures explain most of the growth, and new rates of urbanization and increased food supply further supported the new population.
 * Revolutions in some countries, and decolonization in others created the necessity for new innovations in the political system.There was a need to accomodate new leaders with the failure of the aristocracy, and many differrent types of government were formed, democracy, authoritarian fascism, communism, etc...
 * With greater political changes, many parts of the world made systematic efforts to improve their standing in the World economy. A few regions jonied the US and western powers as major advanced industrial societies, such as Japan.Others began to develop more modern export sectors and local manufacturing, such as India or China.
 * Cultural Changes occured often during great disputes, and 3 major philosophies governed the cultured which emerged. Nationalism won loyalty from many people and encouraged secular strength.Marxism was a popular and persuasive belief for many people of the 20th century.While the Japanese and the west emphasized a faith in science, and general consumerism.
 * Role of Women also changed, as this new period saw important movements in the increase of women's education, legal rights, and a stronger political voice for women.In some areas, however, Women lost economic strength, as male population in the urban workforce increased.
 * Environmental Damage also became a major factor, as globalization increased, as pollution had been a regional problem before. Multinational corporations were involved with recurring pollution rises, including oil spills and air pollution.Policymakes struggled to find global responses, and there was a lag between political development and the rate of globalization.
 * While a number of regions favored industrialism, there was also a trend towards preservation of economical inequalities.Een within changing societies like India, rural areas still maintained older economic and social forms.
 * Resistance to change- Many societies hesitated over redefinitions of their culture, most specifically gender roles.The prescence of more fundamentalist religions helped to curb the power of change. Attempts were also made to discipline change, and practice fusions of older culture and new ideas, particularly seen in America's rejection of many international treaties which were presented before it, and McDonalds having to change their menu based on the region they operated in.
 * Russian fear of growing Germanic power lead it to ally itself with France and Britain.From the Early 1890s, the german leader Kaiser Wilhelm was very agressive and arrogant, magnifying these fears. France hoped that an alliance with Russia would provide a brake for German advancement, and the two front war would significantly weaken the growing empire after it's defeat at germany's hands in the Franco Prussian war of 1870.Britain then joined in the early 1900s, forming the Triple Entente. This was soon countered by the formation of a similar triple alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and (nominally) Italy.
 * Imperialist rivalries solidified the growing divisions between the two alliances, feeding the warlike nationalist sentiments which spread among the european lower and middle class workers (Jingoism). Most European leaders were happy to vie for additional territories, and became very competitive, worried about rivals gaining territory at their country's expense.
 * Technological advancements lead to Arms races, particularly directed at naval power between the British and the Germans, one of the key reasons that Britain joined the alliance.Armies grew massive in size and power, and Germany hoped to attempt a first strike before Russian reforms made it too powerful to overcome.

4-5. Wilson's reason why America entered the war: To Assist Russia, and to prevent Germany from infringing upon the rights of the world at large, and becoming a major threat. "It is the voice of the Russian people. They are prostrate and all but hopeless, it would seem, before the grim power of Germany, which has hitherto known no relenting and no pity. Their power, apparently, is shattered. And yet their soul is not subservient.....I believe that the people of the United States would wish me to respond, with utter simplicity and frankness. Whether their present leaders believe it or not, it is our heartfelt desire and hope that some way may be opened whereby we may be privileged to assist the people of Russia to attain their utmost hope of liberty and ordered peace. " They decided that they needed to correct the violations of rights in other areas, and to protect the people(Tanisha) Main ideas of the 14 Points: ([]) 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from [|Russia]. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along clearly recognisable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A [|League of Nations] should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states. Predicted reaction from colonies of Britain and France to the 14 Points: Probable reaction(of lower class) with outrage at American hypocrisy. The British and French colonial overlords are allied with America, but America is preaching about infringement of rights, and the age of colonization being over."The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world."
 * Expresses desire for nationalism and open borders.
 * Discusses alliances and militarist invasions. " We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secure once for all against their recurrence. "

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